Female reproductive system


"File:Blausen 0399 FemaleReproSystem 01.png" by BruceBlaus. When using this image in external sources it can be cited as: Blausen.com staff (2014). 'Medical gallery of Blausen Medical 2014'. WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). DOI:10.15347/wjm/2014.010. ISSN 2002-4436. is licensed under CC BY 3.0

Introduction

• The ovary is the organ wherein the female gametes are
stored and increase previous to ovulation.
• Their maturation is managed through the hypothalamus and
the anterior pituitary gland

The capacity to reproduce is one of the properties
distinguishing living from non-living matter.
• The more primitive the animal, the simpler the system of
reproduction. In mammals, along with humans, the
procedure is one of sexual reproduction, wherein the male
and
female
organs
differ
anatomically
and
physiologically, and the new Species develops from the
fusion of  different sex cells (gametes).
• The male gametes are known as spermatozoa
• and the female gametes are known as ova.

The functions of the female reproductive system are:

• formation of ova
• reception of spermatozoa
• provision of appropriate environments for fertilisation
 and fetal development
• parturition (childbirth)
• lactation, the manufacturing of breast milk, which provides
whole nourishment for the infant in its early life.

External genitalia (vulva)


The external genitalia are regarded collectively as
the vulva, and include the :
• labia majora and labia minora,
• the clitoris,
• the vaginal orifice,
• the vestibule, the hymen and the vestibular
glands (Bartholin’s glands).

Labia majora

• These are the 2 big folds forming the boundary of
the vulva. They are composed of skin, fibrous tissue and
fats and comprise large numbers of sebaceous and eccrine
sweat glands.
• Labia majora or "Larger lips" are the component around the
vagina containing  glands (Bartholin’s glands) which
allows lubrication throughout intercourse.
• At puberty, hair grows at the mons pubis and at the
lateral surfaces of the labia majora.

Labia minora

• These are  smaller folds of skin among the labia
majora, containing numerous sebaceous and eccrine
sweat glands.
• or "lower lips" are small hairless ridges at the
front of the vagina, which joins behind and in the front.
In front they Disclose to surround the clitoris

Clitoris

• The clitoris corresponds to the penis withinside the male and
includes sensory nerve endings and erectile tissue.
• The clitoris is a small pea-shaped structure. It performs an
vital element in sexual excitement in females.

Vestibular glands

• The vestibular glands (Bartholin’s glands) are situated
one on every aspect close to the vaginal opening. They are
approximately the dimensions of a small pea and their ducts open into
the vestibule instantly sideways to the attachment of the
hymen. They secrete mucus that maintains the vulva moist.

Blood supply, lymph drainage and nerve supply


• Arterial supply. This is through branches from the inner
pudendal arteries that branch from the inner iliac
arteries and through external pudendal arteries that branch
from the femoral arteries.

• Venous drainage. This forms a large plexus which
finally drains into the inner iliac veins.

Lymph drainage. This is through the superficial inguinal
nodes.

• Nerve supply. This is through branches from pudendal
nerves.

Perineum

• The perineum is a kind of triangular area extending from
the bottom of a labia minora to the anal canal.
• It includes connective tissue, muscle and fats. It gives
attachment to the muscle tissue of the pelvic floor